Actin, alpha skeletal muscle (Homo sapiens)

Basic Information
Short Name	ACTA1
UNP ID	P68133
Organism	Homo sapiens
Cys Site	Cys259, Cys376
Family/Domain	Actin family
Known Ligand	Ligand list
Function Type	Structural protein

Summary

Protein Function

Actin, alpha skeletal muscle expressed in skeletal muscle is one of six different actin isoforms which have been identified. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus.
Skeletal alpha actin expression is induced by stimuli and conditions known to cause muscle formation. Such conditions result in fusion of committed cells (satellite cells) into myotubes, to form muscle fibers. Skeletal actin itself, when expressed, causes expression of several other "myogenic genes", which are essential to muscle formation. One key transcription factor that activates skeletal actin gene expression is Serum Response Factor ("SRF"), a protein that binds to specific sites on the promoter DNA of the actin gene. SRF may bring a number of other proteins to the promoter of skeletal actin, such as andogen receptor, and thereby contribute to induction of skeletal actin gene expression by androgenic (often termed "anabolic") steroids. (From Wikipedia)
Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. (From Uniprot)

Cys Function & Property

Cys259 is close to the ATP binding site of ACTA1.
Cys374, the most reactive and surface-exposed thiol group in 5 cysteine reisudes in rat Actin, is located at the C-terminal, and the covalent modification maybe influence the interaction with other protein.

• Hydrophobic property:

• SASA：

Cys259: Unknown

Cys376: Unknown

Protein Sequence

MCDEDETTAL VCDNGSGLVK AGFAGDDAPR AVFPSIVGRP RHQGVMVGMG
QKDSYVGDEA QSKRGILTLK YPIEHGIITN WDDMEKIWHH TFYNELRVAP
EEHPTLLTEA PLNPKANREK MTQIMFETFN VPAMYVAIQA VLSLYASGRT
TGIVLDSGDG VTHNVPIYEG YALPHAIMRL DLAGRDLTDY LMKILTERGY
SFVTTAEREI VRDIKEKLCY VALDFENEMA TAASSSSLEK SYELPDGQVI
TIGNERFRCP ETLFQPSFIG MESAGIHETT YNSIMKCDID IRKDLYANNV
MSGGTTMYPG IADRMQKEIT ALAPSTMKIK IIAPPERKYS VWIGGSILAS
LSTFQQMWIT KQEYDEAGPS IVHRKCF

Structural Information

• Known structures with covalent ligands:
  

Unknown

• Protein structure:

Homology structure from Rat alpha-Actin

Related Pathway

• Cardiac muscle contraction
  

Experimental Evidence

Mass Spectrometry, Pepsin Digest

Reference

1. Sörensen P M, Iacob R E, Fritzsche M, et al. The natural product cucurbitacin E inhibits depolymerization of actin filaments[J]. ACS chemical biology, 2012, 7(9): 1502-1508. 22724897
   
2. Dalle-Donne I, Carini M, Vistoli G, et al. Actin Cys374 as a nucleophilic target of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes[J]. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2007, 42(5): 583-598. 17291982