Thioredoxin

Basic Information
Short Name	Trx, TRDX, TXN
UNP ID	P10599
Organism	Homo sapiens
Cys Site	Cys32, Cys35
Family/Domain	Thioredoxin family
Known Ligand	Ligand list
Function Type	Redox protein

Summary

Protein Function

Thioredoxin is a class of small redox proteins known to be present in all organisms. It plays a role in many important biological processes, including redox signaling. In humans, thioredoxins are encoded by TXN and TXN2 genes. Loss-of-function mutation of either of the two human thioredoxin genes is lethal at the four-cell stage of the developing embryo. Although not entirely understood, thioredoxin plays a central role in humans and is increasingly linked to medicine through their response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). (From Wikipedia)

Cys Function & Property

Cys32 and Cys35 are quite close to the active site of Trx, which could form disulfide bond or free state under differrent situtation.

• Hydrophobic property:

• SASA：

Cys32: 7.575 A^2

Cys35: 4.701 A^2

Protein Sequence

MVKQIESKTA FQEALDAAGD KLVVVDFSAT WCGPCKMIKP FFHSLSEKYS
NVIFLEVDVD DCQDVASECE VKCMPTFQFF KKGQKVGEFS GANKEKLEAT
INELV

Structural Information

• Known structures with covalent ligands:
  

Unknown

• Protein structure:

Related Pathway

• NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
  
• Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis
  

Experimental Evidence

MS/MS spectra, Tryptic Digest, Cys-directed Mutation

Reference

1. Bradshaw T D, Matthews C S, Cookson J, et al. Elucidation of thioredoxin as a molecular target for antitumor quinols[J]. Cancer research, 2005, 65(9): 3911-3919. 23441730
   15867391
2. Ji W, Yang M, Praggastis A, et al. Carbamoylating activity associated with the activation of the antitumor agent laromustine inhibits angiogenesis by inducing ASK1-dependent endothelial cell death[J]. PloS one, 2014, 9(7): e103224. 23441730
   25068797